Tom yum kung, the iconic Thai sour and spicy prawn soup, has recently been recognized as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO, emphasizing not just its delectable taste but also its rich cultural significance. This recognition came during a meeting of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in Asuncion, Paraguay, on December 4th. By being included in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, tom yum kung joins the ranks of other traditional practices and foods globally, showcasing its importance to Thai culture and heritage.
Alongside tom yum kung, the 2023 list introduced other significant cultural heritages, including the South Korean food-making technique known as jang, which utilizes fermented soybean, and various practices related to henna, nominated by multiple countries. The inclusion of these diverse practices highlights the rich tapestry of cultural expressions that exist worldwide, as nations strive to preserve and celebrate unique traditions that resonate with their respective identities.
Thailand’s Culture Minister Sudawan Wangsuphakijkosol shared insights into the cultural relevance of tom yum kung. She stated that the dish embodies the lifestyle of the Thai people, particularly those in riverside agricultural communities in the Central Plains of Thailand. By highlighting its ingredients, derived from local resources, the Minister emphasized how local communities transform these elements into a nutritious and healthful dish, reinforcing the connection between the food and the cultural identity of the region.
The flavor profile of tom yum kung is a complex harmony of tastes, described by the Minister as featuring “lime-induced sourness” balanced by the saltiness of fish sauce, the heat of chillies, the sweetness of prawns, and a subtle herbal bitterness. This rich combination not only makes the dish flavorful but also reflects the diversity of ingredients and culinary techniques that Thai cuisine is known for, contributing to its standing as a significant cultural symbol.
In addition to tom yum kung, Thailand boasts four other culturally significant elements that are recognized by UNESCO: the Khon mask dance, Nora dance, Thai massage, and the Songkran festival. These entries, established in the UNESCO Representative List since its inception in 2008, underscore a commitment to safeguarding and promoting intangible cultural heritage. The list aims to raise awareness regarding the importance of these cultural expressions, encourage respectful dialogues around diversity, and celebrate the unique heritage that communities around the world offer.
Overall, the recognition of tom yum kung as an intangible cultural heritage serves to not only highlight the dish’s gastronomic appeal but also to elevate the broader understanding of cultural practices that define Thailand’s identity. This acknowledgment, akin to the listing of Singapore’s hawker culture in 2020, signifies a global movement towards the preservation and appreciation of the diverse culinary and cultural heritages that are integral to communities worldwide. The celebration of such distinctive practices fosters pride among local populations and promotes greater awareness and understanding among people from various cultural backgrounds.
