The European Union delivered a mixed bag of assessments for aspiring member states and candidate countries, with stark contrasts emerging between the progress of various nations. Turkey and Georgia faced sharp criticism for democratic backsliding and insufficient alignment with EU values and foreign policy, while Ukraine and Moldova garnered praise for their reform efforts and commitment to European integration. The assessments, released by EU affairs ministers, set the stage for a crucial summit between Western Balkan leaders and the EU, highlighting the diverse challenges and opportunities facing the enlargement process.
Georgia’s economic progress, marked by sound fiscal and monetary policies and moderate market development, was overshadowed by significant concerns regarding democratic backsliding. The controversial “foreign agent” law, deemed incompatible with EU values, along with concerns about judicial independence, fundamental rights, and the violent crackdown on peaceful protestors, dominated the EU’s evaluation. Georgia’s failure to align with EU foreign policy, particularly concerning sanctions against Russia and Belarus, further strained relations. The EU urged Georgia to return to the path of reform and prioritize democratic principles.
Turkey, despite some positive developments such as improved relations with Greece and efforts to prevent the circumvention of Russia sanctions, also faced substantial criticism. The ongoing dispute with Cyprus, a member state, coupled with persistent concerns about democratic backsliding, judicial independence, and restrictions on freedom of expression, overshadowed any positive strides. Turkey’s low alignment with EU foreign policy, particularly regarding sanctions, was another significant sticking point. While President Erdoğan called for improved relations and the lifting of restrictions, the EU maintained its position that accession negotiations remain stalled.
In stark contrast to the challenges faced by Turkey and Georgia, Ukraine received accolades for its considerable reform progress, particularly in the rule of law, judicial reform, and anti-corruption efforts. Despite the ongoing war with Russia, Ukraine’s commitment to strengthening fundamental rights and aligning with EU foreign policy was commended. Moldova similarly garnered praise for its efforts to strengthen public administration, fight corruption, and pursue de-oligarchisation, along with its strong alignment with EU foreign policy and sanctions. These positive assessments underscored the resilience and determination of both countries in their pursuit of European integration.
Albania, Montenegro, and North Macedonia also received positive evaluations, with Albania and Montenegro holding accession conferences. Albania’s ambition to conclude negotiations by 2027 and achieve membership within the decade highlighted the country’s proactive approach. Montenegro’s provisional closure of three chapters marked tangible progress, while North Macedonia’s consistent cooperation on migration, border management, and economic development, along with its steadfast alignment with EU foreign policy, was acknowledged. However, North Macedonia’s incomplete constitutional changes regarding the recognition of the Bulgarian minority presented an obstacle to further progress.
Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia, and Kosovo faced a more nuanced assessment, with concerns raised about ethnic tensions and the need for de-escalation and dialogue. While economic reforms and alignment with EU foreign policy were generally lauded, Serbia drew criticism for its lack of progress on freedom of expression, judicial independence, and the fight against organized crime. The EU urged Serbia to demonstrate stronger political will and accelerate reforms, while also reiterating its expectation for full alignment with EU foreign policy. The upcoming summit between Western Balkan leaders and the EU was expected to address these complex issues and chart the course for future engagement. The diverse range of assessments presented a snapshot of the ongoing enlargement process, revealing both the promising strides made by some countries and the persistent challenges faced by others in their pursuit of EU membership. The summit served as a vital platform to address these issues and reaffirm the EU’s commitment to the enlargement process while emphasizing the importance of adhering to democratic principles and EU values.
